Go weekly 2012-02-07.

Example is now capexample.
To build helper tools:

   cd capexample && go install
   cd capgen && go install

This will install tools capexample and cangen into $GOPATH/bin.

sounds.go doesn't have a copyright header, because the file is generated
by a program. I don't want to make it output the copyright header,
because users can generate sounds themselves, and the copyright status
of such generated files can be different.

Server accepts parameter lang, e.g. xxx.wav?lang=en.
NewAudio and WriteAudio accept the target language.

At last!

[RIFF][following size][WAVE]fmt[...]...data[data size][padded data].

Also, update example.wav.

This is specified in RIFF format, but I forgot to implement.

     ckData  Binary data of fixed or variable size. The start of
	     ckData is word-aligned with respect to the start of the
	     RIFF file.  If the chunk size is an odd number of bytes, a
	     pad byte with value zero is written after ckData.  Word
	     aligning improves access speed (for chunks resident in
	     memory) and maintains compatibility with EA IFF.  The
	     ckSize value does not include the pad byte.

(From http://www.kk.iij4u.or.jp/~kondo/wave/mpidata.txt)

Captcha ids are now 20 characters long.

This simplifies code and makes it faster. It also produces smaller PNGs.

Before:

captcha.BenchmarkNewImage	500	 6198230 ns/op
captcha.BenchmarkImageWriteTo	100	17517110 ns/op   0.14 MB/s

After:

captcha.BenchmarkNewImage	500	 3869968 ns/op
captcha.BenchmarkImageWriteTo	200	 7237604 ns/op   0.23 MB/s

(Core 2 Duo @ 2.26 GHz, MacBook)

Currently the background is white, not transparent, because PNG encoder
doesn't support paletted images with alpha channel.

Submitted CL: http://codereview.appspot.com/4432078

Change alpha to 0x00 once it's accepted to make captcha transparent.

Also, audio benchmark uses the new ioutil.Discard.

Instead, change level of individual reversed sounds when making
background to the appropriate values.

This speeds up makeBackgroundSound ~3%.

Before and after.
captcha.BenchmarkNewAudio      50  30436940 ns/op
captcha.BenchmarkNewAudio      50  29435780 ns/op

Also, level up white noise a bit.

Also:
- use ranges everywhere
- optimize makeWhiteNoise a bit

Before and after:
captcha.BenchmarkNewAudio      50  32128580 ns/op
captcha.BenchmarkNewAudio      50  30436940 ns/op